| Capítulo 2. Las novedades de Debian 12 | ||
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| Capítulo 2. Las novedades de Debian 12 | ||
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Tabla de contenidos
Hay más información disponible sobre este tema en el Wiki.
Las siguientes son las arquitecturas oficialmente soportadas en Debian 12:
PC de 32 bits (i386) y PC de 64 bits
(amd64)
ARM de 64 bits (arm64)
ARM EABI (armel)
ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf)
MIPS «little-endian» (mips64el)
MIPS «little-endian» de 64 bits (mips64el)
PowerPC «little-endian» de 64 bits (ppc64el)
IBM System z (s390x)
Puede leer más acerca del estado y la información específica de las adaptaciones para su arquitectura en la página web de las adaptaciones de Debian.
The following archive areas, mentioned in the Social Contract and in the Debian Policy, have been around for a long time:
main: the Debian distribution;
contrib: supplemental packages intended to work with the Debian distribution, but which require software outside of the distribution to either build or function;
non-free: supplemental packages intended to work with the Debian distribution that do not comply with the DFSG or have other problems that make their distribution problematic.
Following the 2022 General Resolution about non-free firmware, the 5th point of the Social Contract was extended with the following sentence:
The Debian official media may include firmware that is otherwise not part of the Debian system to enable use of Debian with hardware that requires such firmware.
While it's not mentioned explicitly in either the Social Contract or Debian Policy yet, a new archive area was introduced, making it possible to separate non-free firmware from the other non-free packages:
non-free-firmware
Most non-free firmware packages have been moved from
non-free to non-free-firmware in
preparation for the Debian 12 release. This clean separation makes
it possible to build official installation images with packages from
main and from non-free-firmware,
without contrib or non-free. In turn,
these installation images make it possible to install systems with only
main and non-free-firmware, without
contrib or non-free.
See Sección 4.2.8, “The non-free and non-free-firmware components” for upgrades from bullseye.
Esta nueva versión de Debian trae de nuevo muchos más programas que su predecesora bullseye; la distribución incluye más de 11089 paquetes nuevos, para un total de más de 64419 paquetes. La mayor parte de los programas que se distribuyen se han actualizado: más de 43254 paquetes de programas (corresponde a un 67% de los paquetes en bullseye). También se han eliminado por varios motivos un número significativo de paquetes (más de 6296, 10% de los paquetes en bullseye). No verá ninguna actualización para estos paquetes y se marcarán como «obsoletos» en los programas de gestión de paquetes. Consulte la sección Sección 4.8, “Paquetes obsoletos”.
Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 43, KDE Plasma 5.27, LXDE 11, LXQt 1.2.0, MATE 1.26, and Xfce 4.18.
También se han actualizado las aplicaciones de productividad, incluyendo las suites de oficina:
Esta versión, entre muchas otras cosas, incluye las siguientes actualizaciones:
Thanks to our translators, more documentation in man-page
format is available in more languages than ever. For example, many man pages
are now available in Czech, Danish, Greek, Finnish, Indonesian, Macedonian,
Norwegian (Bokmål), Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Ukrainian and Vietnamese, and
all systemd man pages are now
available in German.
To ensure the man command shows the documentation in your
language (where possible), install the right manpages- package
and make sure your locale is correctly configured by using
lang
dpkg-reconfigure locales
.
As in every release new packages have been added in the fields of medicine
and life sciences. The new package shiny-server might be worth a particular
mention, since it simplifies scientific web applications using
R. We also kept up the effort to provide Continuous
Integration support for the packages maintained by the Debian Med team.
The Debian Med team is always interested in feedback from users, especially in the form of requests for packaging of not-yet-packaged free software, or for backports from new packages or higher versions in testing.
To install packages maintained by the Debian Med team, install the
metapackages named med-,
which are at version 3.8.x for Debian bookworm. Feel free to visit the
Debian Med tasks
pages to see the full range of biological and medical software
available in Debian.
*
Debian bookworm comes with version 4.0 of the Debian Astro Pure Blend, which continues to represent a great one-stop solution for professional astronomers, enthusiasts and everyone who is interested in astronomy. Almost all packages in Debian Astro were updated to new versions, but there are also several new software packages.
For radio astronomers, the open source correlator openvlbi is now included. The new packages
astap and planetary-system-stacker are useful for image
stacking and astrometry resolution. A large number of new drivers and
libraries supporting the INDI protocol were packaged and are now shipped
with Debian.
The new Astropy affiliated packages python3-extinction, python3-sncosmo, python3-specreduce, and python3-synphot are included, as well as
packages created around python3-yt
and python3-sunpy. Python support
for the ASDF file format is much extended, while the Java ecosystem is
extended with libraries handling the ECSV and TFCAT file formats, primarily
for use with topcat.
Check the Astro Blend page for a complete list and further information.
Support for Secure Boot on ARM64 has been reintroduced in bookworm.
Users of UEFI-capable ARM64 hardware can boot with Secure Boot mode enabled
and take full advantage of the security feature. Ensure that the packages
grub-efi-arm64-signed and shim-signed
are installed, enable Secure Boot in the firmware interface of your device
and reboot to use your system with Secure Boot enabled.
The Wiki has more information on how to use and debug Secure Boot.
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| Capítulo 1. Introducción |  | Capítulo 3. Sistema de instalación |